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CORE JAVA
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21. Does the order of public and static declaration matter in main() method?
No. It doesn't matter but void should always come before main().
22. Can a source file contain more than one class declaration?
Yes a single source file can contain any number of Class declarations but only one of the class can be declared as public.
23. What is a package?
Package is a collection of related classes and interfaces. package declaration should be first statement in a java class.
24. Which package is imported by default?
java.lang package is imported by default even without a package declaration.
25. Can a class declared as private be accessed outside it's package?
Not possible.
26. Can a class be declared as protected?
A class can't be declared as protected. only methods can be declared as protected.
27. What is the access scope of a protected method?
A protected method can be accessed by the classes within the same package or by the subclasses of the class in any package.
28. What is the purpose of declaring a variable as final?
A final variable's value can't be changed. final variables should be initialized before using them.
29. What is the impact of declaring a method as final?
A method declared as final can't be overridden. A sub-class can't have the same method signature with a different implementation.
30. I don't want my class to be inherited by any other class. What should i do?
You should declared your class as final. But you can't define your class as final, if it is an abstract class. A class declared as final can't be extended by any other class.
31. Can you give few examples of final classes defined in Java API?
java.lang.String, java.lang.Math are final classes.
32. How is final different from finally and finalize()?
final is a modifier which can be applied to a class or a method or a variable. final class can't be inherited, final method can't be overridden and final variable can't be changed.
finally is an exception handling code section which gets executed whether an exception is raised or not by the try block code segment.
finalize() is a method of Object class which will be executed by the JVM just before garbage collecting object to give a final chance for resource releasing activity.
33. Can a class be declared as static?
No a class cannot be defined as static. Only a method, a variable or a block of code can be declared as static.
34. When will you define a method as static?
When a method needs to be accessed even before the creation of the object of the class then we should declare the method as static.
35. What are the restriction imposed on a static method or a static block of code?
A static method should not refer to instance variables without creating an instance and cannot use "this" operator to refer the instance.
36. I want to print "Hello" even before main() is executed. How will you acheive that?
Print the statement inside a static block of code. Static blocks get executed when the class gets loaded into the memory and even before the creation of an object. Hence it will be executed before the main() method. And it will be executed only once.
37. What is the importance of static variable?
static variables are class level variables where all objects of the class refer to the same variable. If one object changes the value then the change gets reflected in all the objects.
38. Can we declare a static variable inside a method?
Static varaibles are class level variables and they can't be declared inside a method. If declared, the class will not compile.
39. What is an Abstract Class and what is it's purpose?
A Class which doesn't provide complete implementation is defined as an abstract class. Abstract classes enforce abstraction.
40. Can a abstract class be declared final?
Not possible. An abstract class without being inherited is of no use and hence will result in compile time error.
CORE JAVA
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21. Does the order of public and static declaration matter in main() method?
No. It doesn't matter but void should always come before main().
22. Can a source file contain more than one class declaration?
Yes a single source file can contain any number of Class declarations but only one of the class can be declared as public.
23. What is a package?
Package is a collection of related classes and interfaces. package declaration should be first statement in a java class.
24. Which package is imported by default?
java.lang package is imported by default even without a package declaration.
25. Can a class declared as private be accessed outside it's package?
Not possible.
26. Can a class be declared as protected?
A class can't be declared as protected. only methods can be declared as protected.
27. What is the access scope of a protected method?
A protected method can be accessed by the classes within the same package or by the subclasses of the class in any package.
28. What is the purpose of declaring a variable as final?
A final variable's value can't be changed. final variables should be initialized before using them.
29. What is the impact of declaring a method as final?
A method declared as final can't be overridden. A sub-class can't have the same method signature with a different implementation.
30. I don't want my class to be inherited by any other class. What should i do?
You should declared your class as final. But you can't define your class as final, if it is an abstract class. A class declared as final can't be extended by any other class.
31. Can you give few examples of final classes defined in Java API?
java.lang.String, java.lang.Math are final classes.
32. How is final different from finally and finalize()?
final is a modifier which can be applied to a class or a method or a variable. final class can't be inherited, final method can't be overridden and final variable can't be changed.
finally is an exception handling code section which gets executed whether an exception is raised or not by the try block code segment.
finalize() is a method of Object class which will be executed by the JVM just before garbage collecting object to give a final chance for resource releasing activity.
33. Can a class be declared as static?
No a class cannot be defined as static. Only a method, a variable or a block of code can be declared as static.
34. When will you define a method as static?
When a method needs to be accessed even before the creation of the object of the class then we should declare the method as static.
35. What are the restriction imposed on a static method or a static block of code?
A static method should not refer to instance variables without creating an instance and cannot use "this" operator to refer the instance.
36. I want to print "Hello" even before main() is executed. How will you acheive that?
Print the statement inside a static block of code. Static blocks get executed when the class gets loaded into the memory and even before the creation of an object. Hence it will be executed before the main() method. And it will be executed only once.
37. What is the importance of static variable?
static variables are class level variables where all objects of the class refer to the same variable. If one object changes the value then the change gets reflected in all the objects.
38. Can we declare a static variable inside a method?
Static varaibles are class level variables and they can't be declared inside a method. If declared, the class will not compile.
39. What is an Abstract Class and what is it's purpose?
A Class which doesn't provide complete implementation is defined as an abstract class. Abstract classes enforce abstraction.
40. Can a abstract class be declared final?
Not possible. An abstract class without being inherited is of no use and hence will result in compile time error.
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